The Function and Location of the Brainstem

The brainstem is the region of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. It consists of the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and the pons. Motor and sensory neurons travel through the brainstem allowing for the relay of signals between the brain and the spinal cord. Most  cranial nerves  are found in the brainstem. The brainstem coordinates motor control signals sent from the ​brain to the body. This brain region also controls life-supporting autonomic functions of the peripheral nervous system. The fourth cerebral ventricle is located in the brainstem, posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata. This  cerebrospinal fluid-filled ventricle is continuous with the cerebral aqueduct and the central canal of the spinal cord. Function In addition to linking the cerebrum and spinal cord, the brainstem also connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum. The cerebellum is important for regulating functions such as movement coordination, balance, equilibrium, and muscle tone. It is positioned above the brainstem and beneath the occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex. Nerve tracts traveling through the brainstem relay signals from the cerebellum to areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in motor control. This allows for the coordination of fine motor movements needed for activities such as walking or playing video games. The brainstem also controls several important functions of the body including: AlertnessArousalBreathingBlood pressure controlDigestionHeart rateOther autonomic functionsRelays information between the peripheral nerves and spinal cord to the upper parts of the brain Location Directionally, the brainstem is located at the juncture of the cerebrum and the spinal column. It is anterior to the cerebellum. Brainstem Structures The brainstem is composed of the midbrain and portions of the hindbrain, specifically the pons and medulla. A major function of the midbrain is to connect the three major brain divisions: forebrain, midbrain, and  hindbrain. Major structures of the midbrain include the tectum and cerebral peduncle. The tectum is composed of rounded bulges of brain matter that are involved in visual and auditory reflexes. The cerebral peduncle consists of large bundles of nerve fiber tracts that connect the forebrain to the hindbrain. The hindbrain is composed of two subregions known as the metencephalon and myelencephalon. The metencephalon is composed of the pons and cerebellum. The pons assists in the regulation  of breathing, as well as states of sleep and arousal. The cerebellum relays information between muscles and the  brain. The myelencephalon consists of the medulla oblongata and functions to connect the spinal cord with higher brain regions. The medulla also helps to regulate autonomic functions, such as breathing and blood pressure. Brainstem Injury Injury to the brainstem caused by trauma or stroke can lead to difficulties with mobility and movement coordination. Activities such as walking, writing, and eating become difficult and the individual may require life-long treatment. Stroke that occurs in the brainstem destroys brain tissue that is needed for the direction of vital body functions such as respiration, heart rhythm, and swallowing. A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted, most commonly by a blood clot. When the brainstem is damaged, signals between the brain and the rest of the body are disrupted. Brainstem stroke can cause problems with breathing, heart rate, hearing, and speech. It may also cause paralysis of the arms and legs, as well as numbness in the body or on one side of the body. Sources Jones, Jeremy. â€Å"Brainstem: Radiology Reference Article.†Ã‚  Radiopaedia Blog RSS.Pietrangelo, Ann. Brain Stem Stroke. Healthline.

Thermal Pollution Essay - 818 Words

Thermal Pollution Recently weve allowed our planet to begin overheating. With the introduction of CFCs and Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere weve managed to raise the temperature of this vast resource. Even more ignorant is our failure to learn from our mistakes. Now, through thermal pollution (the introducton of waste heat into water), weve began destroying the womb of all life-the earths vast water network. The Causes: There are three major causes of thermal pollution. the use of water as a cooling agent deforestation of shorelines soil erosion The foremost cause being the use of water as a cooling agent in nuclear power plants and other industrial facilities. After the water has absorbed the†¦show more content†¦The pile up of dead plants leads to an increase of bacteria, bacteria that consume oxygen along with dead plants. Therein lies the problem. There is now less oxygen and a greater demand for it. The warmer water also increases the metabolic rate of fish, which leads to a sharp decrease in the life expectancy of aquatic insects. The fish have an increasing the need for oxygen due to a rise in their metabolism and population. With the lack of aquatic insects animals other than fish face a shortage of food. Also affected by thermal pollution is an animals sensitivity to toxic waste, parasites, and other diseases. Water pollution Water pollution involves the release into lakes, streams, rivers, and oceans of substances that become dissolved or suspended in the water or deposited upon the bottom and accumulate to the extent that they interfere with the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. It may also include the release of energy in the form of radioactivity or heat, as in the case of thermal pollution. Any body of water has the capacity to absorb, break down, or recycle introduced materials. Under normal circumstances, inorganic substances are widely dispersed and have little or no effect on life within the bodies of water into which they are released; organic materials are broken down by bacteria or other organisms and converted into a form in which they are useful to aquatic life. But, if theShow MoreRelatedThe Development And Application Of Nanomaterials Has Allowed972 Words   |  4 Pageselectricity costs and energy used, the construction industry has begun to use aerogels because of their thermal insula tion properties. Aerogels are three-dimensional structures of nanoparticles with small pockets of space inside. These nanopores, or interstices, help in trapping air. About 99.8% of an aerogel is air (Soutter, 2012). Air is one of the best thermal insulators due to its low thermal conductivity. Thus, the use of aerogels as insulators is becoming increasingly common. Aerogel is saidRead MoreThe Effect Of Thermal Comfort On Human Comfort Essay1437 Words   |  6 Pagesaffecting human comfort (i) Thermal comfort (ii) Lighting comfort (iii) Acoustic comfort (i) Thermal comfort Thermal comfort is difficult to measure because it is highly subjective. It depends on the air temperature, humidity, radiant temperature, air velocity, metabolic rates, and clothing levels and each individual experiences these sensations a bit differently based on his or her physiology and state. The six basic factors The most regularly utilized marker of thermal comfort is air temperatureRead MoreSubjective Measurement Of Thermal Preference1903 Words   |  8 PagesNot comfortable 1 5.9 - - - - - - - - - - 2 11.8 - 2 11.8 3 17.7 4 23.5 1 5.9 Table 6: Subjective measurement of thermal preference MAY’13 JUN’13 JUL’13 AUG’13 SEPT’13 OCT’13 NOV’13 DEC’13 JAN’14 FEB’14 MAR’14 APR’14 N % N % N % N % N % N % N % N % N % N % N % N % Much warmer - - - - - - 15 88.2 - - - - 2 11.8 5 29.4 4 23.5 - - - - - - Warmer 15 88.2 14 82.3 15 88.2 1 5.9 13 76.5 14 82.3 8 47.1 8 47.1 7 41.2 - - 3 17.7 4 23.5 Slight Warmer 2 11.8 3 17.7 2 11.8 1 5.9 4 23.5 3 17.7 5 29.4 3Read MoreAssignment : Human Comfort Within Buildings Essay1079 Words   |  5 Pageswill feel refreshed all day. Also with the sound pollution from the shop there will be sound proof walls dividing the office and retail accommodation. The offices will also be painted bright warm colours therefore the office workers will feel more welcome and at rest rather than just come to work. Task 1a. Identify the basic factors that will influence human comfort in the office accommodation in thermal, acoustic and visual terms. Thermal: ïÆ'Ëœ Activity level ïÆ'Ëœ Air temperature ïÆ'Ëœ Air movementRead MoreWhere All Equipment Are Be Kept Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagesinstead of rainwater pipes, organize site drainage ; Eco- design and green grass ditch system combines collecting rainwater runoff and other roof pavement , into the nearest rainwater tanks Eco grass ditch of runoff purify effect , reducing the pollution load of the river water .(Fig ?) Figure ? Water cycling The rain water coming from the roof top will be filtered through water the water ditch on the ground, and the one falling straight to the ground will also be filtered through the grassRead MoreGeneration Of Pu - Mu Interaction Curves1080 Words   |  5 Pagesstack is sized such that it can be exhaust a given quantity of flue gases at a suitable elevation and with such a velocity that the ground level concentration (GLC) of pollutants, after atmospheric dispersion, is within the limits prescribed in pollution regulatory standards, while the stack retains structural integrity. Thus, while handling a given quantity of flue gases, the major factors which influence a stack dimensions are: i. Draft requirements 20 ii. Environmental regulations iii. StructuralRead MoreEssay On Environmental Pollution1605 Words   |  7 Pagesissue of environmental pollution, especially soil, water, air and thermal pollution. This has caused some people to leave their homes, animals to die and even children to become sick which is quite disheartening. This paper addresses the environmental pollution problem by looking at the causes, the effects, and some possible remedies or solutions that we can employ. It engages in online research as well as field research. Introduction Environmental pollution is a severe problem thatRead MoreThe Technology And Its Performance Advantages2056 Words   |  9 Pagesnanofluids reduce the heat losses increasing process time. This report acts as an education tool for all the organizations that encounter heat transfer problems. Discussion Approach Thermal conductivity of NFs The thermal conductivity in nanofluids is enhanced due to enhanced thermal conductivity. This is due to increase in the thermal conductivity because of the Brownian motion, Interfacial layer (monolayer), and volume fraction of particles. An extensive variety of exploratory and hypothetical studies wereRead MoreThe Word Pollution Has Was From The Latin Word Pollute,1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe word pollution has was from the Latin word pollute, which means to make dirty or harm. Pollution is the process of making the environment, land ,water,and air harmfull by adding damaging substances to it. Pollution causes an imbalance in the environment. This imbalance to the earth has threatened the survival of all forms of life. Environmental pollution is a severe problem of the industrialized societies. The industrial development and the Green Revolution have negatively affected the environmentRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Impact On Our Earth1384 Words   |  6 Pagesgroups that correspond with air and global warming. First, air pollution is an example of global issues with reference to the air around us. Some that we may not even are able to see. â€Å"But there are different kinds of pollution—some visible, some invisible—that contribute to global warming. Generally any substance that people introduce into the atmosphere that has damaging effects on living things and the environment is considered air pollution† (National Geographic). The first example of concern about

Mckennon vs. Nashville Banner Publishing Company Essay

` ` McKennon v. Nashville Banner Publishing Company SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Certiorari To The United States Court Of Appeals For The Sixth Circuit Case Analysis Jorge A Montero Carlos Arbizu University Abstract: This case analysis will covers the impact of the McKennon V. Nashville Banner Publishing Co Supreme Court Of The United States Decision in any legal dispute regulated by Age Discrimination In Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) and others regulation that covers the elimination of discrimination in the workplace, the contribution to payback calculation procedure in this type of legal suit, as well as impact in the workplace environment. The Court held in McKennon established that the employer is†¦show more content†¦at 886. The Court noting that balancing the need to compensate victims and deter violations of the ADEA with the employers lawful prerogatives cannot be done with precision in after-acquired evidence cases, it provided general guidelines in assessing the appropriate award of back pay in such cases. The Court flatly rejected an absolute bar on back pay, and held that back pay should be the beginning point in the formulation of a remedy and should run from the date of the unlawful discharge to the date the new information was discovered. 115 S.Ct. at 886. The Court further recognized that in formulating an appropriate order for relief, the trial court may take into account extraordinary equitable circumstances that affect the legitimate interests of either party. 115 S.Ct. at 886. The concern that employers might routinely undertake extensive discovery into an employees background or job performance to resist ADEA claims is not insubstantial, but the courts authority to award attorneys fe es under 216(b) and 626(b) and to invoke Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11 in appropriate cases will likely deter most abuses. P. 10. The ADEA incorporates some features of both Title VII and the Fair Labor Standards Act, whichShow MoreRelatedThe And Issues Of Business Management2230 Words   |  9 Pagesaspects of business management. While most companies now employ at-will contracts that basically stipulate employees can be terminated for any reason at any time, it is still important for organizations to document legitimate reasons for letting employees go. Wantonly dismissing employees without reason or record leaves companies vulnerable to litigation which can be time consuming and draining on an organization s resources. This can also damage a company s reputation among workers and in the industry

The Master Of The Macabre By Edgar Allan Poe - 2816 Words

Edgar Allan Poe, often described as the Master of the Macabre was a short story writer, novelist, poet, critic, and essayist (â€Å"Edgar† Vol. 1, 374). He is also credited for being the architect of the modern short story and the father of the detective story (â€Å"Edgar† Vol. 1, 374). His writing can sometimes be gruesome, but he also wrote comedies. Critics and readers alike love Poe’s work, even during his lifetime, unlike some artists whose work only receive recognition posthumously. As popular as they were, his work did not provide him with steady income, and he struggled financially for most of his life. Poe’s life was a bit of an emotional rollercoaster, as is his writing. His work alternates between the themes of love to mysterious and premature deaths and sometimes outright odious ones to comedies, sometimes. He lost his biological mother when he was still a toddler and his foster mother in his late adolescent years. He then moved with his aunt, Mrs. Clemm, and her young daughter, Virginia Clemm, with whom he later became romantically involved (â€Å"Edgar† Vol. 1, 374). Virginia, like the previous women he held close to his heart, died years later leaving him devastated. The short stories â€Å"Ligeia,† â€Å"Eleonora,† and â€Å"The Oval Portrait† all give critics and readers a glimpse into the dark wonderful thoughts, and emotions ranging from infatuated love to heart gripping periods of deep depression induced by constant loss, of one of America’s greatest authors, Edgar Allan Poe.Show MoreRelatedLiterary Techniques : Edgar Allan Poe And Richard Connell1598 Words   |  7 PagesMacabre; a word meaning disturbing and horrifying through the depiction of death or injury, is not the easiest word for a writer to portray. However, while it may not be easy to show through words, it isn’t impossible. There are two main ways an author can give an overall feeling of macabre; literary st yle and technique. Only the most skilled authors have successfully used various literary elements, like suspense and foreshadowing, to create ageless stories and earn a position in the history of literatureRead More Edgar Allan Poe and His Works Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesThesis: Edgar Allan Poe was one of the most influential, yet misunderstood writers in American Literature. I. His Early Life A. His Adoption B. His Education II. His Later Life A. Books Published B. Military Life III. The Conclusion of His Life A. His Marriage B. His Death IV. His Works V. What Others Thought Of Him Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, known as a poet and critic but most famous as the first master of the short story form, especially tales of the mysteriousRead MoreLittle Ball of Fur: The Black Cat Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was born January 19, 1809. Many consider him to be the master of mystery and horror. He only lived until he was forty, and during that time he endured a lot of hardships. For one, every woman he ever cared for ended up dead, usually by the dreaded tuberculosis. That included his wife Virginia. The men in his life who were supposed to be there to guide him, well, they were not there. I think that helped him write a lot of his dark and macabre stories. His most famous workRead MorePoe Essay1855 Words   |  8 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809 to Actors David and Elizabeth Arnold Poe. David and Eliza had three children together, William Henry, Edgar and a sister named Rosalie Poe (Hutc hisson, 5). Edgar Allan’s parents died when he was young and he was taken in by John and Frances Allan, of Richmond, Virginia, even though they never formally adopted him. His other two brothers went on to live with other family members. John Allan was a very successful merchant, whichRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe and Emily Dickinson Compare and Contrast Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe and Emily Dickinson, Compare and Contrast Emily Elizabeth Dickinson and Edgar Allan Poe are two of the biggest poets in American Literature from the 1800s. They had many things in common from their writings about death and sadness, because of their unfortunate losses in life, to the fact that they were both born in Massachusetts. They were also different in many ways. They were different in the way they looked at life and wrote about their experiences from it. While it is obviousRead MoreThe Death Of Edgar Allan Poe877 Words   |  4 PagesThe boundaries which divide Life from Death are at best shadowy and vague. Who shall say where the one ends, and where the other begins? ~Edgar Allan Poe Throughout the history of our nation, few events have captivated the attention of its people quite like the death of literary legend, Edgar Allan Poe. His death contains a certain element of mystery and macabre that would seem most befitting of one of his own stories. But while people to this day still clamor to understand how the beloved authorRead MoreThe Autobiographical Elements in the Works of Edgar Allan Poe1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe Autobiographical Elements in the Works of Edgar Allan Poe There is no exquisite beauty without some strangeness in the proportions (Biography on Poe 8). Edgar Alan Poe endured a very difficult life and this is evident in his literary style. He was once titled the master of the macabre. One of the aspects in his life with which he struggled was social isolation. He used this as a topic in a number of poems and short stories. Poes life was also filled with periods of fear and irrationalityRead MoreThe Life Of 19Th Century American Poet Edgar Allan Poe1670 Words   |  7 Pagescentury American poet Edgar Allan Poe is one that the world of literary works and poetry will never cease to remember. Poe crafted several famous works of poetry during the American Romantic Movement, such as â€Å"The Raven†, a poem that helped gain him much fame after his death. Several poets have existed throughout time, but few became as well-known as Poe. The stories, conspiracies, and questions that lie behind his life are those of extreme popularity. Unlike many other great poets, Poe had a life of bothRead More Edgar Allan Poes Writing Essay2378 Words   |  10 Pagesworks. In the gothic times, dark, threatening, horrific, morbid, depressing, bizarre, bewildering, death and insane are just some words that best describe the popular type of literature at that time. One man’s name can summarize these words, Edgar Allan Poe. He is considered to be one of the greatest obscure American authors/poets whom many literary scholars still try to make heads or tails of. People throughout the history often wondered why Poe’s writings are so fantastically diverse and unusualRead MoreEssay on Gothic Theme in Poes The Fall of the House of Usher831 Words   |  4 PagesThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe, renowned as the foremost master of the short-story form of writing, chiefly tales of the mysterious and macabre, has established his short stories as leading proponents of â€Å"Gothic† literature. Although the term â€Å"Gothic† originally referred only to literature set in the Gothic (or medieval) period, its meaning has since been extended to include a particular style of writing. In order for literature to be â€Å"Gothic,† it must fulfill

Evaluating the Strategic Role of Human Resource Management

Question: Discuss about the Evaluating the Strategic Role of HRM. Answer: Introduction HR department is essential in helping the organization achieve its goals and develop the competitive ability. These are obtained through various roles such as training the best employees, training and coaching, managing work atmosphere and building capacity. The specialists in the department play essential roles in the organizations which include harnessing human potential and directing it in the proper direction. These are aimed at the achievement of the set organizations objectives(Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Besides, the Department exists for the purpose of servicing employees for the benefits of the company. Therefore, a strategic HR function empowers, enables and involve the employees in the workplace for the common goal of the organization(Kramar, 2014). This is the same for Microtask as it has a strategic department that deals with the HR issues. Functions of Strategic Human Resource Management SHRM in the organization is concerned with the development of the organization and the employees. Strategic Human Resource Development is defined as proactive styles of management in the organization. The Strategic Human Resource Management is involved in issues such as hiring, payroll, and discipline, and also includes close collaboration with employees to address the issues of employees retention, training for career development and boosting the workers work experience such as those faced by Microtask and maximizing the benefit of the employees and the employer in the firm(Kramar, 2014). The department is not only engaged in developing and securing the employees talents but, also implementing programs to develop the competitive capability and the relationship between the management and the individual workers for the purpose of organizational development. The report explores the strategic human resource management roles such as job analysis and staffing, utilization of workforce, ap praisal of performance, implementing the reward systems, professional development of workers, and maintenance of workforce(Sparrow, et al., 2016). Job analysis is a function of the HR, and it comprises the role of determining the nature of the tasks and responsibilities of the various positions in the company. Specialists in the department are regularly engaged in defining the core competencies that are adequate for a particular job and the analysis of the industry trends(Storey, 2014). This means that Microtask HRM must keep projecting the skills and abilities that are needed for future employment. The tasks of a job analysis act as a cornerstone as it generates a valid information used in formulating the criteria that can be used to promote the workers, setting the minimum and maximum wages and identifying the training needs. SHRM plays strategic roles in building organization competitive ability through recruiting the best employees, designing the best and efficient training programs, implement fruitful and active retention to develop competitive advantage of the company. While the firm rivals struggle to maintain a motivated and experienced workforce, the company get improved revenue when the HR department engages in the labour force development(Jackson, et al., 2014). For instance, Microtask can use it SHRM to participate in the review of the employees and the level of consumer satisfaction to come up with training strategy to fill the gaps. Utilization and maintenance of the enterprise workforce are another strategic functions of the HRM. The specialists are involved in the designing of the framework to make maximum use of the human capital available and help in establishing systems that allow proper communication(Armstrong Taylor, 2014). On the other hand, HR is involved in the safety through compliance with the legal framework to protect the workforce from nay hazardous conditions that can affect their wellbeing. Maintenance responsibilities include relations primarily with labor movements and addressing any grievances linked to any misconduct like sexual harassment, theft among employees. Strategic contributions to business process by the Human Resource Management is recognized because as a practice in the organization. For example, the department contributes to the overall business processes through the dissemination of the appropriate guidelines and further monitoring the behavior(Marler Fisher, 2013). For example, Microtask SHRM ensures the organization is following the appropriate regulatory guidelines as per the country. In the changing business environment, many firms are now paying greater attention to the department and placed it into a place where it shapes every business performance and process. The HR section is involved with the practice of assessing the worker's job performance and formulating feedback regarding the positive and negative elements identified in the employee's performance. In Microtask, measuring the performance is essential for both the employees and the organization and the individual because the information gained is used to determine the reward and strategies to motivate employees(Sparrow, et al., 2016). On the other hand Reward systems is the function which falls under the category of HR services as well. The mechanism is imperative because it allows the company to provide workers with rewards for passing the set targets and achievements. It also promises for future incentives based on the performance and further address any form of problems using disciplinary techniques. The goal of this is to align the company to the set goals through better employment relation and motivates(Kramar, 2014). Employee Relations Frameworks The concept employee is associated with a particular country or an organization and issued to describe the group efforts applied in the management of relationships between the managers and the workers. If the relations program is right, it means the administration is providing consistent and fair treatment without discrimination. In response, the workers are committed to their tasks and responsibilities and thus shows loyalty to the firm. The objective of these programs aims at preventing and resolving any issues that may arise from issues at the workplace. There is a relationship between HRM and employment relations because the managers apply strategy to accomplish employees related missions such as pay and remuneration benefits, ensuring work-life balance and providing the safe working environment(Kersley, et al., 2013). The report uses three theories to explain how employees relationship can be conceptualized in the workplace. The Unitarist Framework The markets are seen as imperfectly competitive and not deterministic in nature. The workers seek to maximize profit and minimize the cost of production through a range of strategies. The primary assumption of the theory is that both the employers and the employees share common interests and this is known as unitarist employment relationship. This means that the optimal strategies for the companies are aligned to that of the workers in the organizations and this result to long-term interests due to shared values and interests. Besides, the achieving profit is associated with fulfilling work, satisfaction and the fair treatment of employees(Greenwood Van Buren, 2016). The model is very relevant to the modern organization and reflects the reality on the ground. Therefore, the model can be said to be the foundation of the modern human resource management because it focuses on the creation of policies and ensures the implementation of practices that benefit both workers and the management which is also the case for Microtask. Conflict is treated as a suboptimal state of affairs, and the existence of conflict is a reality in the organization. Besides, it is seen as the failure of human resource management to manage it as opposed to embracing it in the employment relationship(Van Buren Greenwood, 2013). The pluralist framework The pluralist model of the employment relations rejects the notions proposed by the unitarist and argues that there exists a plurality when it comes to the working relationship(Khan Ackers, 2004). In other words, both employees and employers do not share the common interest conflicting interests. Both parties to the employment aspire for the organization to profit significantly and the workers to be productive, but this does not prevent the occurrence of conflict between parties. This is because conflict is viewed as the integral aspect of the organization and emerge due to issues of wages, workers flexibility, working conditions and job security(Aguinis, et al., 2014). The model is very relevant in the modern organizations because imperfect labor markets cause the conflicts and the different interests witnessed, and the employment relationship exists in the industrial relations (Khan Ackers, 2004; Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The model can be used to explain the situations that face Microtask. Therefore, according to the model, a working relationship can be said to be a bargained exchange that happens between stakeholders who harbors competing interests and varied elements such as the state and the prevailing environment influences the exchange. While the egoist model argues for complete determinacy in the capitalistic market, the unitarist models propose for policies to balance the interest of all the stakeholders in cases of conflict. However, the pluralist model balances the equity and other interests through labor unions and government regulations(Rainbird, et al., 2004). Egoistic framework According to the framework, the aim of employees includes earning income while the employers are driven by the urge to make a massive profit. Therefore, labor is perceived as a commodity and similar to the productive resource(Rainbird, et al., 2004). The state has a role of enforcing contracts and protecting the property and the rights of both the workers and employers with an objective of fostering free economic transactions. Besides, labor markets are very competitive, and this makes remuneration, benefits, and others as the primary determiner of the employment relationship. These forces of the invisible hand and the labor market are responsible for determining the aspects (Ackers, 2014; Kersley, et al., 2013). Therefore, under the model, the employment relation emerges from mutually-beneficial and voluntary transactions to exchange productive labor by the market offering. The model focuses on the issues of self-interest as opposed to conflict as opposed to other types who emphasizes on the conflict as the central aspect. Besides, power is determined by the market forces such as supply and demand. As such self-interested trades are essential to egoist employment relationship and the right to hire and employee and fire forms the key element of the model. Strategy Changes Recommendations Changes in the international business environment have brought many changes in the organization which requires the company to adopt and makes certain changes for their survival. For the case of Microtask it has experienced success in their operations but these changes have occasioned the changes leading to increased competition which requires the managers to implement retention strategies, changes in remuneration packages and staff development which with an objective of reducing and controlling the cost of reducing business. As such, there have been increased turnovers for the year affecting the key management and engineering positions in the firm. The situations that face the company can be well explained with the pluralist framework as it will be used to explain how the management can change the existing policies and practices that have been there for long. Pluralist theory argues that the existence of conflicts between HR and the employees takes place due to distinct interests. This can be best explained by the changing market forces which have led to imperfect labor markets the model can be used to describe the situations that face Microtask and the actions to be taken toward achieving the solutions(Khan Ackers, 2004). The conflicting interests that Microtask encounters with employees can be managed and resolve through putting systems that allow for the existence of a negotiation system such as collective bargaining. This is an important method of settling the issues that cause high job turnover especially for the senior workers and important positions such as managers. This shows improved links between the employer and employee as compared to when employee have to rely on unions to solve an issue. According to the pluralist theory, Microtask should adopt effective employment relationship interventions to address the conflicts facing the organization such as employee development concerns, remuneration problems, and employee development. The report recommends a consultative approach to the firm management to respond to the issues in the workplace. Furthermore, other alternative strategies and decision-making steps need to be considered to come up with the solution. The model is further useful in the organization it argues that any instances of Conflict should not be overlooked, but the best approach it to manage it effectively through the participation of the primary stakeholders. The problem with Microtask is ignoring the conflicts and proceeding to commission a new facility which is likely to affect its performance in the future(Goetsch Davis, 2014). In fact, the pluralist perspective supports the use of conflict management approaches to engage groups which are in a grievance with the organization and implementation of the solution. For instance, the administration can formulate and implement employee relations policies and try to align them with the interest of the individual and that of the organization. To deal with employee retention in the workplace, the management should apply some strategies such as satisfying the employees' desires and aspiration in the workplace. These includes providing excellent benefits, appreciating them through fair treatment of workers and challenging them by giving them an exciting job(Allen, et al., 2010). Therefore to deal with the issues of retention the management should address the issues highlighted. Further, the management can use incentives and other strategies that are meant to keep the workers motivated a making them feel equity of their rewards to keep them focused(Kramar, 2014). On the issues of employee development, the management needs to embrace training, coaching, mentoring and personal development. The strategy ensures employees develop their physical, mental and professional experience in the workplace. It also helps them develop soft skills such as communication and self-awareness that makes them perform effectively. Training the employees helps in instilling competencies to employees, sharpen the existing expertise and knowledge to help them develop in the workplace (Schuler, et al., 2011; Khan Ackers, 2004). Conclusion In conclusion, strategic human management in the organization plays a critical role such as job analysis and evaluation, employment relations, professional development and boosting the competitive analysis of the organization. There are three models of working relationship used in the study and they include unitary, pluralist and egoistic models that explain employee relation with the management. The focus of the models includes the presence and absence of conflict and the role of trade unions in the workplace. The report recommends the pluralist framework as the best model for the understanding of the management and employee relations and the Microtask should, therefore, ensure professional development with staff and collective bargaining to address the underlying issues of employees retention and remuneration. Bibliography Ackers, P., 2014. Rethinking the employment relationship: a neo-pluralist critique of British industrial relations orthodoxy. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(18), pp. 2608-2625. Aguinis, H., Shapiro, D., Antonacopoulou, E. Cummings, T., 2014. Scholarly impact: A pluralist conceptualization. Academy of Management Learning Education, 13(4), pp. 623-639. Allen, D., Bryant, P. Vardaman, J., 2010. Retaining talent: Replacing misconceptions with evidence-based strategies. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(2), pp. 48-64. Armstrong, M. Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Goetsch, D. Davis, S. .., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson.. Greenwood, M. Van Buren, H., 2016. Ideology in HRM scholarship: Interrogating the ideological performativity of New Unitarism. Journal of Business Ethics, 43(8), pp. 1-16. Jackson, S., Schuler, R. Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management. The Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), pp. 1-56. Kersley, B. et al., 2013. Inside the workplace: findings from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey.. New Delhi: Routledge. Khan, A. Ackers, P., 2004. Neo-pluralism as a theoretical framework for understanding HRM in sub-Saharan Africa. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(7), pp. 1330-1353. Kramar, R., 2014. Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(8), pp. 1069-1089. Marler, J. Fisher, S., 2013. An evidence-based review of e-HRM and strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), pp. 18-36. Rainbird, H., Munro, A. Holly, L., 2004. The employment relationship and workplace learning. Workplace learning in context, pp. 38-53. Schuler, R., Jackson, S. Tarique, I., 2011. Framework for global talent management: HR actions for dealing with global talent challenges. Global talent management, pp. 17-36. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. Chung, C., 2016. Globalizing human resource management. London: Routledge. Storey, J., 2014. New Perspectives on Human Resource Management. London: Routledge. Van Buren, H. Greenwood, M., 2013. Unitarist Ideology in HRM: Challenging the Dominant Framework Using Epistemological Analysis. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2013, No. 1, p. 14465). Academy of Management.

Bataan Death March Essay Research Paper I free essay sample

Bataan Death March Essay, Research Paper I am non certain when this atrocious ordeal all began. Be it merely after the Nipponese bombed Pearl Harbor or was it when World War II began? Many of the subsisters of the Bataan Death March believe it began in March of 1942. This was when General MacArthur received orders to go forth his US Army forces and flight to Australia. The ground forces forces were left under the bid of Major General Edward male monarch at the southern tip of the Bataan Peninsula. It was non more than a twosome of months, when the odds against the American Filipino military personnels staying on Bataan become overwhelming. On the tragic twenty-four hours of April 9, 1942, Major General King surrendered all forces on the peninsula. The Nipponese took 1000s of captives about instantly. With Allied combatants spread throughout Bataan, it would be yearss before the word of resignation could make them all. We will write a custom essay sample on Bataan Death March Essay Research Paper I or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many cavalrymans refused to believe that the intelligence of United States resignation was existent, and some retreated further into the mountains and continued to contend. When Nipponese forces enter the small town of Mariveles, they had captured 76,000 American Filipino captives, most of whom were ill, wounded or enduring from malnutrition. The Nipponese supply line, hardly sufficient to back up their ain military personnels, would be unable to transport these captives of war ( POW ) . The captives were forced to process the 65 stat mis of unreliable terrain to the Nipponese POW Camp, Camp O Donnell, to the North. The ill-famed Death March had begun. The captives were marched all twenty-four hours and about all dark. The Japanese in their release of defeat would crush the captives with the but terminal of their ripples or sheathed blades. The American captives were frequently given H2O, but no nutrient. The Filipino captives would seek to assist the American captives by giving them nutrient take they were given. If they were caught they were tortured and killed. Day after twenty-four hours the captives were forced to process. Jesse Knowles, a subsiste r of the Death March, tells his experience of The Hitch in Hell. As I wal ked under the combustion Sun my pess ached and my tummy cramped. I had non eaten in six or seven yearss and I felt as though any minute my pess would fall from underneath me. We came to a fillet point, where the Japanese decided to give us a drink of H2O. While I was waiting for the guard to come around with the H2O, I can retrieve feeling thirsty and even hungrier. Looking down I noticed some type of worn in the soil. I bent down with the ironss on my custodies and picked it up. As I stood up directly the guard butted me in the tummy with his ripple. I did non acquire any H2O that twenty-four hours, but subsequently that dark when no 1 was looking, I eat the worn that I had so how mange to salvage. From that minute on I know that I was on a enlistment in snake pit. Many captives were consistently executed, while the ill and weak were pushed to exhaustion before being round to decease. Others died of hungriness, thirst and infections. Thousands of cavalrymans were able to get away into the jungle. Many of the 54,000 who survived the March across Bataan would subsequently yield to disease or torment while imprisoned. Mike Weaver, besides a subsister of the March, recalls the clip when Three work forces attempted to get away, and the Japs decided to do illustrations of them. They took them to the margin of the compound where everyone could watch. They tied them in a half standing and half kneeling place where they lasted three yearss, at which clip the Japs made them delve their ain Gravess, and so hit them. The Japanese besides had many ways of tormenting a individual without killing them. Mike Weaver besides tells about, A soldier that had defied the Japs and talked back, they tied him down and drove a nail in has forehead. This adult male lived until the clip his ship was done for several old ages subsequently. The Bataan Death March, recognized as one of the greatest inhumanenesss of W.W.II, is besides one of the greatest shows of gallantry and human spirit on the portion of those who did last. This was a genuinely tragic event that will ever be remembered for those 10,000 and some uneven people who gave their life for their state.